Middlesex County Archives – Page 4 of 4

The Geology of Middlesex County

1859 Map of Middlesex County Connecitcut - small

Middlesex County’s geology can be divided into two distinct regions: the highly crystalline metamorphic rocks to the east, primarily composed of gneiss and schist, and the red sandstone formations to the northwest. The metamorphic rocks are notable for their hardness and contain valuable minerals such as cobalt and nickel. The Connecticut Valley, characterized by sandstone and associated igneous trap rocks, showcases a history of sedimentation and glacial activity. The area also has post-glacial terraces that reveal significant historical flood levels, reflecting the dynamic geological processes that shaped the region.

The Original Condition of Middlesex County

Middlesex County was established in 1785, originally comprising six towns from Hartford and New London counties, later expanding to fifteen towns, with Durham joining in 1799. The county features a varied landscape, including hills and the Connecticut River, which provides water power for mills. Historically rich in timber and fish, wildlife has significantly diminished due to human activity. The original forests, primarily oak and walnut, have mostly vanished, with only a small growth remaining. Various animals have also disappeared, leading to a dramatic change in the region’s ecology over time.

Agriculture in Middlesex County

Middlesex County boasts fertile soil ideal for diverse agriculture, producing exceptional crops such as corn, tobacco, and fruits, particularly in towns like Clinton, Westbrook, and Middlefield. Dairy farming excels thanks to superior pastures, with the county recognized for high-quality butter. Farmers have embraced modern agricultural practices, enhancing productivity and the social status of farming families. With advancements in techniques and machinery, Middlesex County farmers are not only competitive but also play a vital role in the state’s agricultural progress, achieving notable success at state fairs and improving overall community livelihood.

Early Settlers of Middlesex County

The early settlers of Middlesex County, primarily of English descent, began establishing towns in the mid-17th century under harsh conditions. Many were motivated by the desire for religious freedom, facing poverty and threats from Indigenous peoples. While slavery existed in the region, it was characterized by relatively humane treatment. These settlers demonstrated remarkable resilience, maintaining strict religious practices and communal bonds. They lived simply, valuing hard work, frugality, and education while fostering a culture that led to their children inheriting strength and adaptability, despite the challenging environment.